jQuery .prev() gets the immediately preceding sibling of each element in the set of matched elements; Also check jQuery .next();
js:
$('.target').prev()
.css('background-color', 'yellow')
.append(' <span class="label label-info">prev before .target</span>');
$('li').prev('.target')
.css('background-color', 'yellow')
.append(' <span class="label">prev with .target class</span>');
html:
<ul> <li>list item <ul> <li>list item</li> <li class="target">list item with target class</li> <li>list item</li> <li>list item</li> </ul> </li> <li>list item</li> <li class="target">list item with target class</li> <li>list item</li> <li>list item</li> </ul>